Lichtheim, George. A Short Essays - Idealism, Social Theories

Lichtheim, George. A Short History of Socialism. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1970. pp. 42-63. This book went into greater depth than Lichtheim's first, discussing socialism in greater detail. Manuel, Frank E. and Fritzie P. French Utopias. New York: The Free Press, 1966. pp. 299-328. The editors translated the work of many French thinkers. Fourier's System of Passionate Attraction is included. Manuel, Frank E. Utopias and Utopian Thought. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1966. This book described the foundations of Utopian thinking. Taylor, Keith. The Political Ideas of the Utopian Socialists. London: Frank Cass and Company, Limited, 1982. pp. 100-131 This book went into great detail on Fourier, including biographical sketch and commentary.

Pre Customary Law 1788 essays

Pre Customary Law 1788 essays The making of a nation is a slow and painful process. It needs a people who identify with each other and with the land they inhabit. Australia began that process on 26 January 1788. This essay will attempt to describe the Pre-European Customary law which existed in Australia in 1788. When the first fleet arrived in Botany Bay in 1788, It brought with it all the laws of England. English laws were seen as being every Englishmans birthright. The coming of English laws was to have disastrous consequences for the original inhabitants of this continent, the Aborigines. Aboriginal land rites have received limited recognition. Today, great debate continues in our society on righting the wrongs that have been done to the Aborigines since the European invasion. What we know of Aboriginal society is somewhat speculative. Most of our information comes from Europeans who observed it in a process of change. In 1788 there were approximately 300,000 Aborigines living when the Europeans arrived.. It has been estimated that there were as many as 500 tribes of varying size, each with their own distinct territory, history, dialect and culture (Broome, 1982, p11). In Aboriginal Australia, people and land were united, a spiritual link existed by virtue of birth or conception. The maintenance of body and soul relied on access to the land, food and water was necessary for physical survival but the land was so much more than just a mercantile resource. To remove or take away a tribes ancestry territory was to take and destroy both past and future because the spiritual connection could not be transferred to another area. The Aboriginal people were bound spiritually to a particular locality; this locality was their home or dreaming place. Dreaming or Dreamtime stories can be defined as the Aborigines religion, it was reinforcement of the Abo ...

The pro's for teenage girls getting the new HPV vaccine Essay

The pro's for teenage girls getting the new HPV vaccine - Essay Example Of the more than 100 types of HPV, more than 30 types can be passed from one person to another through sexual contact† (National Cancer Institute, 2008). It stands to reason, then, that if a vaccine is to be effective, it must be administered before or shortly after a young woman becomes sexually active. There have been numerous arguments brought up against using the vaccine, but a coherent look into its advantages clearly indicates the positive significantly outweighs the negatives. To begin with, the virus has proven to be effective against some of the more dangerous strains of HPV. â€Å"Studies have found the vaccine to be almost 100 percent effective in preventing diseases caused by the four HPV types covered by the vaccine – including pre-cancers of the cervix, vulva and vagina and genital warts† (Division of STD Prevention, 2006). Together, these four strains of HPV are thought to cause approximately 70 percent of cervical cancers and 90 percent of genital warts. â€Å"The vaccine covers types 6 and 11, which are thought to be responsible for more than 95 percent of genital warts cases, and types 16 and 18, which are believed to be responsible for more than 70 percent of cervical cancer cases† (Dempsey cited in University of Michigan Health System, 2007). One of the main complaints against new vaccines is commonly concerns regarding the safety of the ‘cure’. In the case of the HPV vaccine, â€Å"the FDA has licensed the HPV vaccine as safe and effective. This vaccine has been tested in over 11,000 females (ages 9-26 years old) around the world. These studies have shown no serious side effects† (Division of STD Prevention, 2006). By comparison, â€Å" In the United States there are about 10,000 new cases of cervical cancer each year and around 4,000 deaths from the disease† (â€Å"A Vaccine Expert†, 2007). By providing the cure long before the behavior, many girls’ lives